Relative Humidity Calculator

Calculate relative humidity, dew point, or air temperature. Explore the relationship between moisture in the air and temperature.

Calculate Relative Humidity

Relative Humidity Calculator: Temperature, Dew Point & Comfort Guide

Understanding relative humidity is essential for maintaining comfort, protecting your health, and preventing issues like mold growth or dry air. Our relative humidity calculator helps you instantly calculate relative humidity from temperature and dew point, or find the dew point when you know the temperature and humidity level. Whether you're adjusting your home HVAC system, planning outdoor activities, or studying atmospheric physics, this RH calculator gives you accurate results in seconds.

Relative Humidity Calculator: Quick Overview

Instantly calculate relative humidity, dew point, or temperature. Understand the relationship between moisture in the air and temperature for comfort, health, and weather applications.

Multiple Unit Support

Calculate using Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin for temperature inputs

Three Calculation Modes

Find RH from temperature & dew point, or calculate any missing value

Comfort Level Indicator

See instantly if humidity is too dry, comfortable, or too humid

AI-Powered Explanations

Get detailed explanations of your results with our AI assistant

Whether you're adjusting your home HVAC, planning outdoor activities, or studying meteorology, our calculator provides accurate results based on the Magnus-Tetens formula used by professionals worldwide.

What Is Relative Humidity?

Relative humidity (RH) is a measure of how much moisture is present in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a given temperature. It's expressed as a percentage from 0% to 100%. When you need to determine relative humidity, you're essentially finding out how "saturated" the air is with moisture.

For example, if the relative humidity is 50%, the air is holding half of the maximum moisture it could contain at that temperature. At 100% relative humidity, the air is fully saturated—any additional moisture will condense into dew, fog, or rain.

The key insight: warmer air can hold more water vapor than cooler air. This is why relative humidity changes throughout the day even when the actual moisture content stays the same.

Relative Humidity vs. Absolute Humidity vs. Dew Point

When learning how to calculate humidity, it helps to understand these related concepts:

  • Relative Humidity (RH): The percentage of moisture in the air relative to the maximum at current temperature
  • Absolute Humidity: The actual mass of water vapor per unit volume of air (g/m³)
  • Dew Point: The temperature at which air becomes saturated (100% RH) and condensation begins

Dew point is often considered a better "feels like" humidity measure because it's an absolute value that doesn't change with temperature. A dew point of 65°F (18°C) or higher typically feels muggy regardless of the actual temperature.

Why Does Relative Humidity Matter?

Understanding how to work out relative humidity is important for many reasons:

  • Comfort: Most people feel comfortable when indoor RH is between 30-50%
  • Health: Low humidity causes dry skin and respiratory irritation; high humidity promotes mold and dust mites
  • Energy Efficiency: Proper humidity levels help HVAC systems work more efficiently
  • Home Protection: Extreme humidity can damage wood, paint, electronics, and musical instruments
  • Weather Forecasting: Meteorologists use RH to predict fog, dew, rain, and frost
Table
RH LevelComfortEffects & Risks
< 25%Too DryDry skin, respiratory irritation, static electricity, wood cracking
25-30%DryMinor discomfort, dry eyes, potential for slight irritation
30-50%Comfortable ✓Ideal range for health, comfort, and home protection
50-60%Slightly HumidAcceptable, may feel warm. Monitor for mold in poorly ventilated areas
60-70%HumidMold risk increases, sweating less effective, may feel sticky
> 70%Very HumidHigh mold/mildew risk, significant discomfort, health concerns
Ideal indoor humidity: 30-50% for comfort and health.

How This Relative Humidity Calculator Works

Our humidity calculator uses the widely-accepted Magnus-Tetens formula (with Alduchov-Eskridge coefficients) to calculate RH accurately. This is the same method used by meteorologists and engineers worldwide. Simply enter two of the three values (temperature, dew point, or relative humidity), and the calculator instantly computes the missing value.

The Relative Humidity Formula

When you need to know how to calculate relative humidity from temperature and dew point, the formula is:

RH=100×exp(17.625×Dp243.04+Dp)exp(17.625×T243.04+T)RH = 100 \times \frac{\exp\left(\frac{17.625 \times D_p}{243.04 + D_p}\right)}{\exp\left(\frac{17.625 \times T}{243.04 + T}\right)}
    Where:
  • RH = Relative Humidity (%)
  • T = Air Temperature (°C)
  • Dp = Dew Point Temperature (°C)
  • 17.625 and 243.04 = Magnus coefficients (Alduchov-Eskridge)

This relative humidity formula is accurate for temperatures between -40°C and 50°C, covering virtually all conditions you'll encounter in daily life.

How to Use This Relative Humidity Calculator

1

Step 1

Select what you want to calculate: Relative Humidity, Dew Point, or Temperature

2

Step 2

Enter the known values (temperature and/or dew point) in your preferred units

3

Step 3

If calculating dew point or temperature, also enter the relative humidity percentage

4

Step 4

Click Calculate to instantly get your result with a comfort level assessment

5

Step 5

Use the AI explanation feature for detailed insights about your specific calculation

Example: Calculate Relative Humidity

Let's work out the relative humidity when the air temperature is 95°F (35°C) and the dew point is 70°F (21.1°C).

Humidity Analysis

Find the relative humidity for a warm summer day.

  • Temperature (T) = 35°C (95°F)
  • Dew Point (Dp) = 21.1°C (70°F)

Step 1: Apply the Magnus Formula

RH = 100 × exp[17.625 × Dp/(243.04 + Dp)] / exp[17.625 × T/(243.04 + T)]

= 100 × exp[17.625 × 21.1/(243.04 + 21.1)] / exp[17.625 × 35/(243.04 + 35)]

= 100 × exp[1.408] / exp[2.219]

≈ 44.48%

Interpretation

At 44.48% relative humidity, the air is moderately humid. This is within the comfortable range (30-50%) for indoor environments. However, combined with the high temperature of 95°F, it will still feel quite warm outdoors due to reduced sweat evaporation.

How to Calculate Relative Humidity Manually

Using Temperature and Dew Point

If you want to figure relative humidity without a calculator, follow these steps:

  1. Step 1: Measure the air temperature (T) in °C
  2. Step 2: Measure or find the dew point temperature (Dp) in °C
  3. Step 3: Calculate γ(T) = 17.625 × T / (243.04 + T)
  4. Step 4: Calculate γ(Dp) = 17.625 × Dp / (243.04 + Dp)
  5. Step 5: RH = 100 × e^γ(Dp) / e^γ(T)

Using Wet and Dry Bulb Thermometers (Psychrometer)

A psychrometer uses two thermometers—one with a wet wick (wet bulb) and one without (dry bulb). As water evaporates from the wet bulb, it cools down. The difference between readings helps determine relative humidity using psychrometric charts or tables.

  • Larger difference = lower relative humidity (more evaporation)
  • Smaller difference = higher relative humidity (less evaporation)
  • No difference = 100% relative humidity (no evaporation possible)

How Do We Measure Relative Humidity?

When you need to find out relative humidity at home or work, several instruments can help:

  • Digital Hygrometer: The most common and affordable option. Uses electronic sensors to measure RH directly. Accuracy: ±2-5%
  • Psychrometer: Professional-grade tool using wet/dry bulb temperature difference. Very accurate but requires calculation or charts
  • Hair Hygrometer: Traditional device using human or animal hair that expands/contracts with humidity changes
  • Capacitive Hygrometer: Electronic sensor measuring capacitance changes as humidity varies. Found in weather stations
  • Chilled Mirror Hygrometer: Laboratory-grade instrument that directly measures dew point by cooling a mirror until condensation forms

Ideal Indoor and Outdoor Humidity Levels

Comfortable Indoor Range

For most homes and offices, maintaining 30-50% relative humidity provides the best balance of comfort and health. This range:

  • Minimizes dust mites and mold growth
  • Reduces static electricity
  • Keeps skin and respiratory passages comfortable
  • Protects wooden furniture and musical instruments

Seasonal Adjustments

In winter, you may need to lower the target slightly (30-40%) to prevent condensation on cold windows. In summer, staying under 60% helps prevent that "sticky" feeling and mold growth.

Risks of High Humidity (Above 60%)

  • Promotes mold, mildew, and fungal growth
  • Increases dust mite populations
  • Makes heat feel more oppressive (body can't cool efficiently)
  • Can damage electronics, books, and wooden items
  • Creates musty odors

Risks of Low Humidity (Below 30%)

  • Causes dry, itchy skin and chapped lips
  • Irritates eyes and respiratory passages
  • Increases static electricity shocks
  • Can crack wooden furniture and flooring
  • May increase susceptibility to respiratory infections

Factors That Affect Relative Humidity

Understanding what influences RH helps you better control your indoor environment:

  • Temperature: As temperature rises, RH drops (if moisture stays constant). This is why indoor air feels drier when you turn on heating
  • Ventilation: Opening windows brings in outdoor air with different humidity levels
  • Moisture Sources: Cooking, showering, laundry, and houseplants add moisture to the air
  • Air Conditioning: AC units remove moisture, lowering indoor humidity
  • Building Materials: Some materials absorb and release moisture, acting as humidity buffers
  • Altitude: Air pressure affects how much moisture air can hold

Practical Applications of Relative Humidity

  • Home Comfort: Use humidifiers in winter and dehumidifiers in summer to maintain optimal RH
  • HVAC Systems: Modern systems monitor and control both temperature and humidity
  • Weather Forecasting: High RH near 100% indicates conditions favorable for fog, dew, or precipitation
  • Food Storage: Many foods require specific humidity levels to prevent spoilage or drying
  • Manufacturing: Electronics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles need controlled humidity environments
  • Agriculture: Greenhouses monitor RH to optimize plant growth and prevent disease
  • Museums & Archives: Precious artifacts require stable humidity to prevent deterioration

Features of Our Relative Humidity Calculator

Accurate Magnus Formula

Uses the industry-standard Magnus-Tetens equation with Alduchov-Eskridge coefficients for precise results

Three Calculation Modes

Calculate relative humidity, dew point, or temperature—whichever value you need

Unit Flexibility

Support for Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin temperature units with automatic conversion

Comfort Assessment

Instant feedback on whether humidity levels are comfortable, too dry, or too humid

AI Explanations

Get detailed, personalized explanations of your calculations with our AI assistant

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is relative humidity and how is it calculated?

Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the current amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature, expressed as a percentage. To calculate relative humidity, you need the air temperature and dew point, then apply the Magnus formula: RH = 100 × exp[17.625 × Dp/(243.04 + Dp)] / exp[17.625 × T/(243.04 + T)], where T is temperature and Dp is dew point in Celsius.

Q2. How do I calculate relative humidity with temperature and dew point?

To calculate relative humidity from temperature and dew point: 1) Measure or obtain both values in °C. 2) Use our RH calculator by entering the temperature and dew point. 3) The calculator applies the Magnus-Tetens formula to give you the relative humidity percentage. For example, if temperature is 25°C and dew point is 15°C, the relative humidity is approximately 55%.

Q3. What does 100% relative humidity mean?

When relative humidity reaches 100%, the air is completely saturated with water vapor—it's holding the maximum amount of moisture possible at that temperature. At this point, any cooling will cause condensation, forming dew, fog, or precipitation. This typically occurs when the air temperature equals the dew point temperature.

Q4. What happens to relative humidity when temperature increases?

If the moisture content of the air stays constant while temperature increases, relative humidity decreases. This is because warmer air has a higher capacity to hold water vapor. For example, if you heat a room without adding moisture, the RH will drop, which is why indoor air often feels dry in winter when heating is on.

Q5. What is a good relative humidity for a house?

The ideal indoor relative humidity for comfort and health is between 30-50%. This range minimizes dust mites and mold growth, reduces static electricity, keeps respiratory passages comfortable, and protects wooden furniture. In winter, aim for the lower end (30-40%) to prevent window condensation; in summer, stay under 60%.

Q6. How do you measure relative humidity at home?

The easiest way to measure relative humidity at home is with a digital hygrometer, available at most hardware stores for under $20. Alternatively, you can use a psychrometer (wet and dry bulb thermometer) or measure temperature and dew point separately, then use an online calculator like ours to determine RH.

Q7. What is the difference between relative humidity and dew point?

Relative humidity is a percentage showing how saturated the air is compared to its capacity at current temperature—it changes as temperature changes. Dew point is the temperature at which air would become saturated (100% RH)—it's an absolute measure that only changes when moisture content changes. Dew point is often considered a better indicator of how 'muggy' it feels.

Q8. Can relative humidity be over 100%?

In rare cases called 'supersaturation,' relative humidity can briefly exceed 100%. This occurs in very clean air without condensation nuclei (tiny particles) or during rapid cooling. However, this is unstable and short-lived—the excess moisture will quickly condense. For practical purposes, 100% is the maximum.

Q9. Is 60% humidity too high indoors?

60% relative humidity is on the high end for indoor comfort. While not immediately dangerous, sustained humidity above 60% can promote mold growth, dust mites, and make the air feel stuffy. Consider using a dehumidifier or improving ventilation if your indoor humidity regularly exceeds 55-60%.

Q10. How does relative humidity affect how hot it feels?

High relative humidity makes hot temperatures feel even hotter because sweat evaporates more slowly from your skin, reducing your body's ability to cool itself. This is why the 'feels like' or 'heat index' temperature is often higher than the actual temperature on humid days. At 90°F with 70% RH, it can feel like 106°F.

Q11. What is the relative humidity formula?

The most accurate formula for calculating relative humidity is the Magnus-Tetens equation: RH = 100 × exp[β × Dp/(λ + Dp)] / exp[β × T/(λ + T)], where T is air temperature (°C), Dp is dew point (°C), β = 17.625, and λ = 243.04°C. This formula is accurate for temperatures between -40°C and 50°C.

Q12. How do you find relative humidity without a hygrometer?

Without a hygrometer, you can approximate relative humidity using the ice cube test (if a glass 'sweats' within 3 minutes in a room, humidity may be high), observe a psychrometer reading with two thermometers, or check local weather reports for outdoor conditions. For accurate indoor measurements, use our calculator with a thermometer and estimate dew point from weather data.

Q13. Why does my house feel humid even when AC is running?

If your house feels humid with the AC on, the unit may be oversized (cooling too fast to properly dehumidify), the evaporator coil may be dirty, or there may be air leaks bringing in humid outdoor air. AC units remove moisture by condensing water vapor on cold coils—if the unit cycles too quickly, this process doesn't complete effectively.

Q14. At what humidity does mold grow?

Mold typically begins to grow when relative humidity exceeds 60% and thrives above 70%. Mold spores are always present in the air, but they need moisture to grow. Keep indoor humidity below 50-55% and ensure good ventilation in bathrooms, kitchens, and basements to prevent mold growth.

Q15. How do I convert dew point to relative humidity?

To convert dew point to relative humidity, you also need to know the current air temperature. Then use the Magnus formula or our calculator. Enter both the temperature and dew point, and the calculator will automatically compute the relative humidity percentage.